Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue, affecting various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system. It often begins gradually with nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue or pain, before more distinct signs appear. Common symptoms include joint pain, muscle aches, extreme fatigue, skin rashes (such as the butterfly-shaped rash on the face), hair loss, mouth ulcers, chest pain, and photosensitivity.

Lupus affects over 1.5 million Americans, with 16,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The disease primarily affects women (90% of patients), and is more prevalent in African-Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian-Americans. While not infectious or cancerous, lupus can range from mild to life-threatening, and about 20,000 Americans die from lupus each year. However, with proper treatment, 80-90% of patients can manage the disease and lead full lives.

Lupus “flares,” or worsening symptoms, can be triggered by factors such as overwork, stress, sun exposure, infections, or medication changes. Signs of a flare include increased fatigue, fever, pain, or new rashes, and immediate medical attention is recommended.

Though the exact cause of lupus remains unknown, researchers are exploring genetic, environmental, and viral factors. Improved diagnostic techniques and therapies are helping many patients manage the disease effectively, though there is still no cure.